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The Messiah in Judaism has a number of interpretations, historical and eschatological, including any king chosen by God; a holy king who will lead the Israelites and Proselytes; and someone who will usher in an idyllic age of peace and justice in the World to Come. Some messianic movements later split from Judaism, including the followers of Jesus whose religion became Christianity and some of the followers of Sabbatai Zevi, who became the Dönmeh. ==List of Jewish messiah claimants== In Judaism, messiah ((ヘブライ語:מָשִׁיחַ); ''mashiach'', ''mashiah'', ''moshiach'' or ''moshiah'', "anointed ()") originally meant a divinely appointed king or "anointed one" and included Jewish priests, prophets and kings such as David, Cyrus the Great 〔(Jewish Encyclopedia: Messiah ): "In Isa. xlv. 1 Cyrus is called "God's anointed one," ...:〕 or Alexander the Great. Later, especially after the failure of the Hasmonean Kingdom (37 BCE) and the Jewish–Roman wars (66–135 CE), the figure of the Jewish Messiah was one who would deliver the Jews from oppression and usher in an Olam HaBa ("world to come") or Messianic Age. Some people were looking forward to a military leader who would defeat the Seleucid or Roman enemies and establish an independent Jewish kingdom. Others, like the author of the Psalms of Solomon, stated that the Messiah was a charismatic teacher who would give the correct interpretation of Mosaic law, restore Israel, and judge mankind.〔(Messiah (overview) ) on livius.org〕 ===Before the Common Era=== * Judas Maccabeus (167–160 BCE), leader of a successful revolt against Antiochus' Seleucid empire. Many considered him the Messiah because he freed the Jews from foreign domination 〔 "The people were hoping for the Messiah, conceived as another Judah Maccabee, who would be raised up to vanquish the heathen occupation forces." ("Hanukkah and Jesus" )〕 and many of the events in his life paralleled the prophecies in Daniel chapter eight.〔 ("John Gill's Exposition of the Bible entry on Daniel 8:14 )〕 * Simon of Peraea (c. 4 BCE), a former slave of Herod the Great, who rebelled and was killed by the Romans. * Athronges (c. 4–2? BCE), a shepherd turned leader of a rebellion with his four brothers against Herod Archelaus and the Romans after proclaiming himself the Messiah.〔Flavius Josephus, ''Jewish Antiquities'' 17.278-284〕 He and his brothers were eventually defeated.〔((JA 17.10.7 ))〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jewish Messiah claimants」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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